Vygotsky free essay sample

In his understudy days at the University of Moscow, he read generally in phonetics, human science, brain science, reasoning and expressions of the human experience. His orderly work in brain science didn't start until 1924. After ten years he kicked the bucket of tuberculosis at the period of just 38. In that period, with the coordinated effort of Aleksandre Luria and A N Leontiev, he propelled a progression of examinations in formative brain research, instructional method and psychopathology. Vygotsky ran a clinical practice in his local Byelorussia, effectively taking part in the improvement of the Revolution under appalling conditions and practically absolute segregation from the West. His most well known work is ‘Thought and Language’, distributed soon after his passing, produced just because a hypothesis of language advancement which both foreseen Piagets hereditary brain research depicting the improvement of language and intelligent speculation in small kids over the span of their collaborations with grown-ups and their general surroundings. Hypothesis OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND To comprehend Vygotsky? s hypothesis, it is essential to take a gander at the world of politics of that time. Vygotsky started to work in brain science soon after the Russian upset, where the Marxism supplanted the standard of the zar. The new way of thinking of the Marxist underscored communism and cooperation. People were required to forfeit their own objectives and accomplishments for the improvement of the bigger society. Sharing and co-activity was supported, and the achievement of any individual was viewed as mirroring the accomplishment of the way of life. Marxists likewise positioned an overwhelming accentuation on history, accepting that any culture could be seen distinctly through assessment of the thoughts and occasions that had molded it. Vygotsky consolidates these components in his model of human improvement that has been named as a socio-social methodology. For him, the individual’s improvement is a consequence of their way of life. Advancement, in Vygotsky? s hypothesis, applies basically to mental turn of events, for example, thought, language and thinking process. These capacities were comprehended to create through social connections with others (particularly guardians) and in this manner spoke to the common information on the way of life. THE THEORY Vygotsky saw psychological improvements because of an argumentative procedure, where the kid learns through shared critical thinking encounters with another person, for example, guardians, instructor, kin or a companion. Initially, the individual collaborating with the youngster embraces the majority of the duty regarding directing the critical thinking, however slowly this obligation moves to the kid. In spite of the fact that these communications can take numerous structures, Vygotsky stresses language discourse. It is essentially through their discourse that grown-ups are expected to transmit to youngsters the rich collection of information that exists in their way of life. As learning forms, the child’s own language comes to help as their essential instrument of scholarly change. Youngsters can in the end utilize their own inward discourse to coordinate their own conduct similarly that their parents’ discourse once guided it. This progress mirrors the Vygotsky? s topic of advancement as a procedure of disguise. Groups of information and apparatuses of thought from the outset exist outside the youngster, in the way of life of nature. Advancement comprises of continuous disguise, principally through language, to shape social adjustment (Rogoff, 1990). LANGUAGE For Vygotsky, language has a specific job in learning and developmentâ by obtaining a language, a kid is given the way to think in new manners and additions another psychological apparatus for comprehending the world. Language is utilized by kids as an extra gadget in taking care of issues, to defeat rash activity, to design an answer before giving it a shot and to control their own conduct (Jones, 1995). By the by, the principle motivation behind language for kids is social. They utilize the language to acquire the assistance of others and to take care of issues. The youngster, in it procedure of advancement, starts to rehearse similar types of conduct that other some time ago practice as for the kid. The essentialness of such conduct is just comprehended in a social setting. The language is likewise essential and interrelated with the activity, giving an extra device utilized both to consider and coordinate conduct. Vygotsky’s work is in this manner saw as especially pertinent to the individuals who are worried about the utilization of language. At the point when Piaget marked oneself coordinated conduct as egocentric and trusted it just least applicable to children’s intellectual development, Vygotsky alluded to it as a private discourse. He contended that private discourse becomes out of the children’s connection with guardians and different grown-ups and through such associations; they start to utilize their parent’s instructional remarks to coordinate their own conduct. Significant subjects: Social cooperation assumes a major job during the time spent intellectual turn of events. Rather than Jean Piaget’s comprehension of kid improvement (in which advancement fundamentally goes before learning), Vygotsky felt social learning goes before advancement. He states: â€Å"Every work in the child’s social advancement shows up twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between individuals (between mental) and afterward inside the youngster (intra-mental). † (Vygotsky, 1978). The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO): The more proficient other (MKO) is to some degree plain as day; it alludes to somebody who has a superior understanding or a higher capacity level than the student, regarding a specific assignment, procedure, or idea. In spite of the fact that he suggestion is that the MKO is an instructor or a more established grown-up, this isn't really the situation. Ordinarily, a childs peers or a grown-ups kids might be the people with more information or experience. For instance, who is bound to find out about the freshest adolescent music gatherings, how to succeed at the latest PlayStation game, or how to accurately play out the most up to date move furor a youngster or their folks? Indeed, the MKO need not be an individual by any means. A few organizations, to help representatives in their learning procedure, are presently utilizing electronic execution emotionally supportive networks. Electronic coaches have additionally been utilized in instructive settings to encourage and direct understudies through the learning procedure. The way to MKOs is that they should have (or be customized with) more information about the theme being found out than the student does. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): The second part of Vygotsky? s hypothesis is the possibility that the potential for intellectual advancement is restricted to a specific time range which he calls the â€Å"zone of proximal development†. ZPD alludes to the hole between what a given kid can accomplish alone, their ? otential advancement as dictated by autonomous critical thinking? , and what they can accomplish ‘through critical thinking under grown-up direction or as a team with increasingly fit peers’ (Wood, D. , Wood, H. , 1966). Vygotsky alludes to what kids can do all alone as the ‘level of genuine development’. In his view, it is the degree of real advancement that a standard IQ test measure. Such a measure is without a doubt significant, however it is likewise fragmented. Two youngsters may have a similar degree of genuine turn of events, in the feeling of having the option to take care of a similar number of issues on some state sanctioned test. Given proper assistance from a grown-up, still, one youngster may have the option to tackle an extra dozen issues while the other kid may have the option to explain just a few more. What the youngster can do with the assistance is alluded to as the ‘level of potential development’ (Vasta, R. , Haith, M. M. , Miller, S. A. , 1995). The full improvement during the ZPD relies on full social cooperation and the more the youngster takes preferences of an adult’s help, the more extensive is its ‘Zone of Proximal Development’. The ZPD is the separation between a student’s capacity to play out an assignment under grown-up direction as well as with peer coordinated effort and the student’s capacity tackling the issue freely. As indicated by Vygotsky, learning happened in this zone. Vygotsky concentrated on the associations among individuals and the socio-social setting in which they act and interface in shared encounters (Crawford, 1996). As per Vygotsky, people use apparatuses that create from a culture, for example, discourse and composing, to intercede their social surroundings. At first youngsters build up these devices to serve exclusively as social capacities, approaches to convey needs. Vygotsky accepted that the disguise of these instruments prompted higher reasoning abilities. Framework Scaffoldingâ is an idea firmly identified with the possibility of ZPD, in spite of the fact that Vygotsky never really utilized the term. Framework is changing the degree of help to suit the intellectual capability of the youngster. Throughout a showing meeting, an increasingly gifted individual changes the measure of direction to fit the child’s expected degree of execution. More help is offered when a kid is experiencing issues with a specific undertaking and, after some time, less help is given as the kid makes gains on the errand. In a perfect world, framework attempts to keep up the child’s possible degree of advancement in the ZPD. A basic component to the ZPD and platform is the obtaining of language. As per Vygotsky, language (and specifically, discourse) is crucial to children’s intellectual development since language gives reason and expectation with the goal that practices can be better comprehended. Experimental examination recommends that the advantages of framework are valuable during an assignment, yet can stretch out past the quick circumstance so as to impact future intellectual turn of events. For example, an ongoing report recorded verbal platform among moms and their

Complete Guide How to Write a Tourism Essay

Complete Guide How to Write a Tourism Essay Composing an inside and out paper in the field of the travel industry isn't a simple undertaking as it might appear to be. Numerous understudies may think, â€Å"I like voyaging and I have a comment in my travel industry essay†. Undoubtedly, exposition composing on the travel industry requests broad examination into the field of study and a far reaching investigation of dependable data sources. For the most part, understudies are required to compose this sort of article in a few ways as the travel industry influences the social and monetary of the world and nations or urban areas specifically extraordinarily. So you can find the travel industry from the point of view of financial matters, governmental issues, universal relations, administration the executives, geology, promoting, and so on. Thusly, you ought to have an away from of what can be portrayed in your travel industry article. You can't simply pick any point on Tourism and expound on it. You need to locate an importan t the travel industry issue and talk about it by introducing the all around created contentions and, now and then, counter contentions. It ought to be referenced that to compose a thorough paper, you need to lead point by point research and find dependable sources with the point of supporting the contentions. Subsequently, it is clear that the procedures of discovering sources and subject are probably going to take a lot of time. As a result, you need to peruse this travel industry paper composing guide heretofore to grasp the fundamental standards of quick and fruitful composing an exposition on the travel industry. What Should I Know about My Tourism Essay? A travel industry article is a short paper that depends on the information that is gotten while researching the chose point. This sort of exposition depicts distinctive traveler perspectives on the planet or inside the nation especially. In addition, the most widely recognized point for the exposition on the travel industry is to analyze the countries’ touristic advancement. Thusly, an understudy needs to investigate and differentiate the travel industry of at least two regions. Therefore, one may reach the resolution that the focal point of this article is to inquire about different parts of the travel industry area in various nations, states, or even urban areas. Other than the correlation and difference article on the travel industry, you can compose the accompanying kinds of paper: The expressive paper on the travel industry is planned for conveying a more profound importance of the travel industry division at the spellbinding methodology. In an expressive the travel industry article, you should show an issue, not tell about it, utilizing brilliant components of the portrayal and distinctive subtleties. The best graphic expositions advance to the reader’s feelings instead of to expand their insight into the travel industry business. The explanatory exposition on the travel industry advises the peruser about a potential the travel industry issue dependent on a reasonable investigation of a point. This examination ought to incorporate the significant realities, insights, and models. The given sort of composing includes a wide scope of papers. For instance, enticing or circumstances and logical results papers depend on realities, not close to home sentiments. For the most part, the travel industry papers like the other article types, have a specific structure that you ought to follow to make it simple to follow. Generally speaking, it comprises of 3 sections: Presentation Body End Both the presentation and end ought to be 1-section since quite a while ago contrasted with the primary part that has at any rate 3 passages. Moreover, the quantity of sections ought to match with the quantity of the primary concerns. In any case, before considering, â€Å"How numerous focuses will my article have?†, pick the theme for which some important focuses can be effortlessly found. Instructions to Choose a Topic to Have Something Valuable to Say About Tourism The travel industry article can be composed on different points from various edges, either from the conservative, political, land, social or social viewpoints. The accompanying tips help understudies to pick the most proper point for an article. We’re sure they will help you too. Simply tail them. Consider the part of the travel industry that intrigues you most. For example, on the off chance that you pick a dull theme, you won't have enough motivation to compose an exposition rapidly. Concentrate on the chose part of the travel industry and quest for significant issues or occasions. In the event that you pick an old issue, you probably won't have the option to locate any applicable sources to help your contentions and counterarguments. Exclude excessively thin or too wide points. Some too thin themes don’t permit to examine a subject from alternate points of view, and subsequently, make a nitty gritty exposition. For some too expansive themes, it might be hard to choose what data is the most significant one for your exposition. In the event that there is an expansive point you need to compose on, evaluate a few procedures to limit your theme. It's a given that the most significant component of the best the travel industry exposition composing is a subject decision. It ought to be the correct decision for a decent article subject on the travel industry. See what article questions are offered by IELTS. At that point, consider the rundown of conceivable article subjects on the travel industry underneath: Top Countries of the Highest Popularity Rating On Tourism: What Attract Visitors? The Effect of Tourism Business on the Country’s Economic Status X Factors Impeding the Development of the Country’s Tourism Sector The travel industry as the Main Source of Income: Is It Possible or Impossible? The Influence of Tourism Business on the Everyday Life of Local Citizens The Well-Developed Tourism Sector: How Does It Look? Instructions to Start Writing a Tourism Essay: 3 Simple Steps from Our Expert Academic Writers Having picked the theme for your travel industry article, you ought to experience the prewriting procedure to comprehend what you need to depict and investigate. That is the reason you should focus on your subject to make the intelligent progression of exposition thoughts. The accompanying rundown gives some prewriting procedures that will assist you with focusing on the point and orchestrate your contemplations appropriately to begin composing your exposition. 1. Brainstorming Is a Fast Way to Get Some Essential Essay Ideas The focal thought of this system is to consider your theme and record the entirety of the thoughts that ring a bell. You can use visual cues as the quickest method to plot your considerations. Therefore, you will get a rundown of thoughts that can be applied to your travel industry exposition. 2. Freewriting Is an Effective Way to Write Down Some Essay Ideas This methodology stays a comparable method of the instructions as the past one, yet freewriting expects you to compose the whole content relentless. When you picked a point, you need to record everything that strikes a chord. Subsequently, when you complete the process of composing, you will get the primary draft of your exposition. Freewriting should be a troublesome methodology to apply, however it is considerably more viable than conceptualizing. It furnishes you with the coherently complete thoughts and, once in a while, contentions and counterarguments. 3. Outlining Is a Helpful Way to Organize the Main Ideas Logically This kind of the prewriting system is useful to sort out the principle thoughts in an intelligent manner. That is the reason you ought to have a decent feeling of your subject, contentions, and musings. To apply this system, you should isolate your paper into specific parts, for example, presentation, principle body passages, and end. At that point, the parts referenced prior ought to be partitioned into a few areas, for example, a theme sentence, proof, and end sentence. At the point when the entirety of the areas are finished, you can begin composing the article by associating them together. It ought to be referenced that all these prewriting procedures can be applied with one another. Simply begin doing anything powerful to draw nearer to the achievement in scholarly composition. Step by step instructions to Structure a Tourism Essay to Make It Easy to Follow 1. Title Without a cover sheet, it is hard to think about who composed such an awesome exposition on the travel industry and what point was explored. So it ought to show the subject of your paper through the promoted title. At that point, incorporate your name and instructor’s name. Remember that you should adhere to the right designing of this page. 2. Presentation The presentation ought to have certain components an initial proclamation and theory explanation. The principal sentence is critical since it ought to draw in the reader’s consideration. Toward the finish of the starting passage, you need to make a proposal articulation that will be additionally extended in your article. Recall you can't use any in-content reference in this passage since you simply present the subject of your paper to the peruser from your perspective. 3. Primary Part This piece of the paper may comprise of multiple passages since it relies upon the quantity of pages that are required. As the body of the exposition for the most part contains more than one passage, they ought to be associated by specific connecting words, for example, ‘moreover’, ‘nonetheless’, ‘furthermore’, ‘what is more’, and ‘in addition’, and so on. It ought to be likewise expressed that this piece of the exposition is the most significant in light of the fact that it exhibits your contentions and counterarguments to the furthest reaches. Consequently, you need to apply some in-content references, which ought to be appropriately refered to as indicated by the necessary style, to help your contentions. Aside from solid contentions, each passage of the primary body ought to have a specific structure: subject sentence â†' proof â†' finishing up sentence. Moreover, you may apply various sorts of advanced graphs, for example, line outline, bar diagram, pie outline, and flowchart, to help your contentions. With the assistance of advanced outlines, you will have the option to show different sorts of data that incorporates figures. Along these lines, the peruser will have the option to dissect the introduced data on their own. This kind of visuals is valuable for near information around two nations, urban communities, or states. Besides, the outlines can show the improvement of the chose country’s the travel industry division. That is the reason one may guarantee that computerized outlines are

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

There are sure parts that improve the world around a residence and delightful for individuals. One of such parts is the light, which empowers us to see one another, and it guarantees an amicable conjunction between people. It is unfathomable of living in a world without light; something like this would make endurance very hard.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Electromagnetic Spectrum explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report will investigate the different kinds of instruments used to show light, and how they separate light into different parts and how those segments might be utilized in various methods for making the human endurance on planet earth better. The principal instrument in the detachment of light, which require conversation, is the electromagnetic range. The development of this instrument generally has been coordinated into different gadgets implied a great deal in the investigation of light just as in stargazing. The electromagnetic range was first produced using a crystal, which isolated white lights into various lights that were of various hues. The various hues came about on the grounds that the normal light also called the white light made up various types of beams that movement at various frequency. In spite of the fact that the electromagnetic range didn't show different frequencies in which the light photons went at, it isolated the light into different beams (Browning 39). The other instrument is the spectrometer that is one of the instruments utilized habitually in issues to do with partition of lights. It is outstanding that the common light or the white light has different segments that are significant for individuals to know. These segments of light are the infrared, the ultra violet beams and gamma beams. These parts of light separated by their frequencies so as to recognize them. One of the devices utilized in the partition of lights is the spectrometer and it isolates the charact eristic light into the different frequency contained in that (Browning 44). The spectrometer is in this manner an instrument that estimates light by thinking about its frequency. The spectrometer demonstrates the frequency of the specific beam. It contains an electromagnetic range, which isolates various kinds of beams contained in a given white light coordinated to the spectrometer to quantify the frequency of that ray.Advertising Looking for explore paper on regular sciences? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is on the grounds that different beams referenced over that is the infrared, the gammas beams the bright beams all movement in various frequencies. The spectrometer demonstrated the length of the wave that is obvious. This made it simpler for the wave grouping on whether it was for the gamma beams, X beams, the infrared or the ultra violet beams (Browning 54). The other sort of gadget utilized in the division of l ights is the spectroscope made utilizing crystals, which has various degrees of diffraction to diffract various kinds of beams on various frequencies. The cutting edge spectroscopes are altered with the coordinated innovation, that is various instruments set in one gadget to such an extent that one gadget can perform different capacities recently done by various types of instruments (Faust and Sternberg 67). The spectroscope in this manner is a blend of electromagnetic range, which is for diffracting various parts of light and a photograph locator to identify the light waves. Other than isolating light into different segments, the spectroscope identifies the components from which the light originated from. Robert Bunsen and Gustav Robert set up this strategy by clarifying that when a specific component gets heat until it delivers light is portrayed naturally of that component. This implies every component has its own nuclear parts that are not quite the same as that of different com ponents. At the point when that component is warmed, it creates light whose frequency and shading is not the same as that of different components (Jay 45). The other firmly related instrument is the spectrograph that record range of astronomic once it is acquired so examination should be possible. This instrument was imagined on account of headway in the field of photography. The progression in photographic movies, with the end goal that the movies had impacts of different types of light, for example, the infrared, the X-beams, the ultra violet beams implied that different influxes of the lights could be caught and recorded on the film. The spectrograph consequently is a gadget consolidating the coordinated innovation of the spectroscope and the photographic film for recording and recognizing different frequencies produced by various components whose light the spectrograph can identify. The cutting edge spectrograph isolates the influx of a specific beam into recurrence frequencies that are noticeable. The ongoing spectrographs make it conceivable to see the recognized beam on a PC hence making it simpler to group the sort of light that the wave is from and the sort of component, which has delivered such sort of light. The account of these lights have additionally prompted the disclosure of paint colors just as new components not known previously (James 25).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Electromagnetic Spectrum explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other instrument is the shaft splitter, which is a gadget that parts common light into two. It is a rectangular instrument with two crystals combined. The bar splitter can likewise be made of a glass with one side secured with half silver. Contingent upon the sort of spreads utilized, the pillar splitter parts the light into various frequencies obvious to the natural eye. Telescope is another gadget that is applicable to division of lights, however its fundament al use is that of perception of remote items or significant distance objects it utilizes the standard of detachment of lights to distinguish the space articles to, for example, the stars. The telescope joins and isolates the beams radiated by the article. It at that point centers around that specific beam and the way from which it has originated from. That implies that telescope can concentrate on one specific star without floundering or floating to another star (Palmer 88). The cutting edge telescopes are very much progressed with the end goal that they have inbuilt coordinated frameworks which examine the components and materials which are contained by the item which they are seeing. The advanced telescopes can be arranged into the optical telescope and the radio telescope. The optical telescope increment the rakish size of the item with the end goal that the article expands and more brilliant hence making it increasingly obvious. The item when captured is clear and the photograph s are put away for additional investigation (Palmer 72). Other than the field of space science, these focal point utilized in optical telescope have different uses, for example, in spyglasses and optics. The optical telescopes have a further arrangement into different structures relying upon the sort of beam that they use. This implies there are x-beam telescopes, infrared telescopes, gamma beam telescope, and bright telescope. The x-beam telescopes are utilized to recognize metal parts of the stars and different planets known to mankind. The bright recognize different components yet for the most part used to search for plant segments in different planets. The other type of telescope is the radio telescope. This sort of telescope doesn't manage light just yet it distinguishes microwave radiations (Palmer 69). End The investigation of light has changed our reality more than anticipated. The fiber optic used to move information starting with one spot then onto the next uses light. The partition of light can be credited to have contributed a great deal in this since characteristic light alone with its possibilities can't benefit the additions realized by different segments of light. As expressed before, however numerous scholars don't consider light as a fundamental requirement for human endurance it is as yet an essential need normally assumed. Nourishment, got from plants comes about due to photosynthesis made conceivable by the accessibility of bright beams, which begin from the sun. The partition of light has additionally prompted the revelation of components that stayed obscure until the beams demonstrated that there were such substances. Components, for example, lithium and uranium are a portion of the components whose presence came to be a direct result of different waves.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on characteristic sciences? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Different planets might be in obscurity without the instruments that made it conceivable to isolate lights. Previously, just light from the sun-empowered individuals to see during the day. Be that as it may, numerous miracles of the universe, for example, the planets and stars have been noticeable during the evenings because of the division of lights. Light is significant in the essential endurance of the cutting edge man more than some other time ever. Works Cited Browning, John. The most effective method to Work With the Spectroscope: A Manual of Practical Manipulation. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1989. Print Faust, James and Sternberg, Richard. The Design of Optical Spectrometer. Berlin: Chapman and Hall Ltd, 1969. Print. James, John. Spectrograph Design Fundamentals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print Jay, Pasachoff. Contemporary Astronomy. Philadelphia: Saunders Colleges Publishing, 1981. Print Palmer, Christopher. Diffraction Grating Handbook, sixth release. California: Newport Corporation, 2005. Print This examination paper on The Electromagnetic Spectrum was composed and presented by client Spencer Fisher to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can d

Corruption in the Church - Free Essay Example

Corruption in the Church What does someone from the 20th century have in common with someone from 14th century medieval England? Reading Chaucers Canterbury Tales shows some surprising parallels. Concerns about understanding the surrounding society and whether institutions are serving the people or themselves are themes in modern life and in Chaucer. Chaucer created a character to provide a lens to readers for examining all these different types of people within medieval society. The people that he describes fall into different categories and one category that he focuses on in particular is that of the clergy. His description of these members of the church indicate a critique of that institution in medieval society. It becomes clear that the church contains many people who dont deserve the role while some individuals who would contribute to the church are unwelcomed or denied. Chaucer uses greed, earthly goods, and lust in The Canterbury Tales to represent the contrast between those qualified in the church to those not qualified, further illustrating how the church is corrupt. For two particular characters, the Nun and the Monk, Chaucer highlights earthly goods as a way of showing how these figures demonstrate corruption. In the general prologue, Chaucer says :And she had little dogs she would be feeding/With roasted flesh, or milk, or fine white bread(150-151). From the preceding statement, it is commonly acknowledged that instead of caring for the poor, she cares for the well being of animals by feeding them high quality foods. As well, Chaucer says, She used to weep if she but saw a mouse/Caught in a trap, if it were dead or bleeding (153). In addition to the previous quote, Chaucer uses irony to further emphasize the Nuns priority of animals over the church and society. It is widely recognized that a member of the clergy should prioritize praying, studying and reading rather than the help of animals. She misappropriates resources to animals rather than the poor likewise the monk misappropriates the resources of his position to pursue his own entertainment instead of pursuing spiritual knowledge and understanding. The monk wants to be a part of the clergy for the title and the social class as evident through his choice to hunt rather than work, study and pray. Chaucer says, He did not rate that text at a plucked hen/Which says that hunters are not holy men (181-182). Furthermore, the Monks hobby is not allowed according to the monasteries rules. He is opposed to following these rules for hunting is something he loves to do, unlike showing devotion to his monastery. Chaucers critique of corruption in the church is complex and nuanced and he approaches the theme from multiple directions. He highlights the lustful behaviors exhibited by the Friar and Nick in the cast of clergy to provide a correlation between lust and corruption in the church. Chaucers attitude towards the Friar is shown in the beginning of his description, saying a wanton one and merry, a delightful-sounding detail stuffed with irony and mockery (212). The Friar, who is expected to be virtuous and devoted to religious obligations, is shown to be the exact opposite. A friar should lead a life of humility and poverty but he contradicts this by wooing or flirting with women, an action not appropriate for a clergy member. Chaucer says, He kept his tippet stuffed with pins for curls/And pocket-knives, to give to pretty girls (237-238). From the following quote, the audience witnesses that the Friar, who is supposed to live in poverty, spends his money on gifts to give to pretty girls. For a friar, a clergy member who vows to celibacy, this isnt appropriate and furthermore shows the lust in many characters who corrupt the church. Nick is later introduced in The Millers Tale as a Lad known as Nicholas the Gallant/And making love in secret was his talent (91-92). Evidently, Nicks talent is directing unlawful love affairs, which manages to get Alisoun into bed with him. For obvious reasons, this sort of activity is disappointing, especially to the wife of John, who is allowing Nick to rent a room in his house. Chaucers depiction of the following characters, the Friar and Nick, prove the lust noticeable is unacceptable and a reason why the church is corrupted. Finally, greed is shown through the Pardoner to emphasize a lack of morality and the rotten cast of clergy members prevalent in medieval times. The Pardoner says, For my exclusive purpose is to win/And not at all to castigate their sin (77-78). This previous statement further explores the greed of a dishonest clergymen, implying that he cares of nothing but personal gain. Despite the Pardoners job of excusing the sinful, he is ironically concerned with just himself. Greed led him to deceive the sinned, tempting them to buy fake relics and a cost for him to travel. Later in the Pardoners Tales, he says, What! Do you think, as long as I can preach/and get their silver for the things I teach/that I will live in poverty, by choice? ( 113-115). Basically, the Pardoner states that if the money keeps coming from his preachings, he will continue to deliver. This further displays the mighty greed that has fully encompassed him, which created a selfish and unsympathetic character. The one thing that drives the Pardoner is money, and he doesnt consider the social class when misleading. Chaucer emphasizes the Pardoners greed to bring awareness to the Churchs power and the clergymen who control this power, displaying that immature and selfish people hold too much power. On the other hand, Chaucer accentuates The Oxford Cleric, who more than any of the previous characters mentioned deserves a role in the Church. Chaucer says, Whatever money from his friends he took He spent on learning or another book (309-310). Furthermore, The Oxford Cleric represents a classic clergymen who obviously deserves a preferment in the church. Instead of hunting and feeding animals, he deliberately chooses to read, pray and study for the sake of his desire to associate with the clergy. Chaucer further adds on to his statement by saying, His only care was study, and indeed/He never spoke a word more than was need (313-314). From the following comment, it additionally proves that someone with these attributes should be accepted in to the church. Ironically, The Oxford Cleric found no preferment in the church, which is the critique Chaucer is trying to make considering all of the other mentioned characters (301). Basically, by observing The Oxford Cleric, it is apparent that someone who actually spends time studying, praying and reading doesnt get accepted into the church whereas the Nun and the Monk, who prioritize earthly goods and personal needs, deserve a spot in church. Chaucer uses the Oxford Cleric to criticize the church, implying that they make the wrong decisions regarding who is qualified and unqualified. Concluding, the Church in Medieval England was a powerful institution which, in return, created many concerns, asking society if the Church failed and abused people. Chaucer shed light to a new idea, that this powerful institution was run by many unintelligent people who cared for the well being and state of themselves, unlike that of society. He created a genius way of incorporating a critique of the church, displaying many characters who lacked morals. The use of greed, lust, and earthly goods furthermore represented a corrupt state of the church, showing that the unqualified are commonly accepted into the church whereas the qualified are unwelcomed.

Human Trafficking Is The Modern Day Slavery - 1925 Words

According to the U.S. State Department, 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders every year. More than 70% are female and half are children (1). Human trafficking is now the modern-day slavery, where the victims involved are forced, intimidated and mislead into labor and sexual exploitation. Most human trafficking victims are lured into the trade by untrue possibilities made about job opportunities a good life that s better than the one they live. Also many women from third world countries are tricked into this trade with the bait of false marriages. Furthermore, many of the victims are forced either directly with violence or indirectly with psychological blackmail into the trade. Human Trafficking is a worldwide issue people must stand up and fight against the traffickers and the issue itself needs to be brought to the attention of everyone, make a plan to stop trafficking of humans, and aid the victims. The effect of human trafficking is disturbing and even though the impact of it is faced by the victims; people globally suffer as a whole. But at the same time there are many ways to stop human trafficking and it is important to get involved and be a voice for those who have none. There are three ways a person can be lured into trafficking. First a man who controls prostitutes and arranges clients for them, taking part of their earnings in return known as a pimp targets any young child or a woman who is vulnerable, insecure and has a deep needShow MoreRelatedModern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking 866 Words   |  4 PagesBlood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (â€Å"What† par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every yearRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1244 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millionsRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of criminal justice, and is known as the modern day slavery. This paper will also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. ThisRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Modern Day Slavery Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking There is an ever growing problem that is coursing the world. Every day 3,287 people are sold or kidnapped, and are forced into slavery. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) Most people do not realize that modern-day slavery happens closer to home than they think. 14,000-17,500 is the estimated number of people trafficked into the United States each year. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) The government has tried to reduce this problem as well as everyday peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1604 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many people do not see it happening, but in fact it is happeningRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1531 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is modern day slavery that occurs with both genders of all ages. Human trafficking occurs mostly in poorer countries like Asia, and Eastern Europe and isn t solely sexual slavery; the victims can be used for labor purposes also. Organizations like Shared Hope International and Coalition Against Trafficking in Women fight to rescue the victims of human trafficking. These organizations spread the dangers of hum an trafficking through education and public awareness. Often times traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1228 Words   |  5 Pages Around the world human trafficking happens around us without us noticing or realising what is happening. Modern-day slavery exists around the world and it is known today as human trafficking or trafficking in persons. So, what is human trafficking and why don t many people seek for help or go to athoughty ? Well human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Every year millions of men and woman andRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Modern Day Slavery961 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish IV Nov. 23 2015 How to Stop Trafficking Women are not the only ones being sold today. Man are not the only ones selling humans today. All different kinds of humans are being sold in something called human trafficking. Human trafficking has become a problem worldwide and is effecting all people male, female, children, LGBT. There are many solutions, one of them is to educate the children at a younger age. Human trafficking is like a modern day slavery. The people being sold are forced inRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1732 Words   |  7 PagesHaley Gooding Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 6 April 2017 Human Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1210 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking Imagine being able to own a business and make nothing but profit. One of the types of trafficking is Labor Trafficking, which helps keep prices cheaper by having cheap workers. If companies do not have people working in factories for very little then a lot of prices would go up crazy like on clothing and furniture. A lot of countries economy are built off sex trafficking which helps the economy significantly. The ongoing â€Å"phenomenon† of human trafficking is not a problem

Digital Millennium Copyright Act At The Embassy Level

There are not many risks involved with the Digital Millennium Copyright act at the Embassy level, but there are a few. The only issues we could possible run into is that a single user illegally downloads copyrighted material. There are several policies and procedure put into place to stop this kind of abuse through our systems. One good thing is that the OSP to our Embassy will not be help accountable for any copyright violations as long as there procedures are in place. Another issue that may be a concern from the point of view of DMCA environment would be our licensed products that we use in our production environment. All of our devices will be properly licensed as required by law and so as not to infringe upon and titles in the DMCA. â€Å"Title III of the DMCA is called the Computer Maintenance Competition Assurance Act. It allows computer repair technicians to make temporary, limited copies of computer software while they’re repairing a computer. The computer must alrea dy have a copy of the software program on it† (Grama, Purdue University Security Policy and Compliance Director Joanna Lyn, 2011). With this provision in place we will not infringe on any copyright laws while we are repairing anything as long as things are properly licensed when we are finished. Along with illegal downloads, and licensing concerns, there is also the risk of having our classified information leaked to the internet, or even an ill-informed employee that has taken pictures or videos ofShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesOregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill

Corporate Sustainability Performance Measurement Systems

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Sustainability Performance Measurement Systems. Answer: Introduction Governance can be considered as a substitute for the action of monitoring, regulation among others. In view of this perspective, governance and monitoring is placed in equal alignment. Addition of the parameter of corporate in this governance bears correlation with the professional attitude of the managerial staffs. Herein, lays the justification of the placement of the two aspects in the same alignment (Bain Band, 2016). Countering this, exposure of corporate attitude in the application of effective management techniques enhances the personality of the managers. As a matter of specification, speculation of the success and failure of corporate governance, through the reference of IBIS World and Ebsco Host, broadens the scope and arena of the report. IBIS World is an Australia based company set up in 1971. Its headquartered at Melbourne. The founder chairman Phil Ruthven and the current President/CEO Justin Ruthven has taken this organization to a new sphere. The main focus of operating of IBIS world is the different parts of business industries, market researches and business marketing. Apart from these, this organization specially emphasizes on various aspects of business industry like providing additional information on planning of business strategies at large and on research purposes. The business success of IBIS world has been immense for the last two decades or so. They have opened their branches in some of the United States cities after they began to produce reports on US industries. Their global revenue in the year 2013 amounted to $35 million. They have recently started a joint venture with Chinese Research Company so that can produce reports on the main industries on the main companies of China. They are thus making an attempt on rooting their business plans in Asia as well ("Market Research Reports Analysis | IBISWorld AU", 2017). The primary details we find about this company is that it is an information services company based in United States. The headquarters of this company is in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The company was founded in 1984. The current CEO of the company is Tim Collins. The subsidiaries of this company are Salem Press, e-psyche, Bizsum and others. The annual sales of this company rose up to $ 2 billion in 2013. The main operating area of this company is about preparing research databases. These databases have adapted their licenses from various content vendors across the country. Ebsco Host provides students with e-books and audio books. Ebsco is considered as one of the largest privately held companies of the United States. Corporate Governance Structure The ideas and implications of corporate governance have come into effect in the 21st century in a big way. The need of a good corporate governance is needed everywhere to retain the global market and a progressive advancement in the business. There are several code of principles related to the corporate governance of a company. These codes include the directors appraisal on the work performance of an employee, good training and development, and at last the board-level performance reviews (Tricker Tricker, 2015). These are the most necessary steps that should be taken in order to improve the value of the company in the share markets. Every organization needs a governing body, both public and private, government, academic institutions such as schools, colleges, universities and charity organizations as well (Shaoul, Stafford Stapleton 2012). This is actually a way of maintaining a good relationship with its members, employees, stakeholders and other concerned people. The entire corpo rate governance structure consists of few departments beginning from the hierarchy. Mainly the CEO under whom there is the board of directors heads the hierarchy. The audit committee of the organization is very crucial to put up the relevant data to measure the work efficiency of the employees. The finance committee looks after the money related matters. This is how the corporate governance structure works in harmony. Regulation holds prime importance for the achievement of efficiency in the business activities. Herein, lays the consideration of the standards and codes of regulatory framework, which acts as a protection for companies and organizations. This act of protection mitigates the instances of harassments and discriminations, which destroy the essence of the organizational culture. These aspects bear correlation with the revelations of the book highlighting the core principles, practices and policies of corporate governance (Tricker Tricker, 2015). Application of effective monitoring techniques relates with the parameter of success. As a matter of specification, personal visits by the managers to the workplace are assistance towards tracking the progress of the organizations in terms of the identified requirements. These personal visits bring to the forefront the instances of harassments and discrimination. These attempts can be related to the principles of the book entitled, Corporate governance: Principles, Practices and Policies (Tricker Tricker, 2015). Delving deep into the contents of the book, the aspect seems to be in perfect alignment. Countering the earlier sentence, policies attain the first position. Setting up of policies and adhering to its codes and standards add to the true essence of management, rather, governance (Tricker Tricker, 2015). From other perspectives, maintenance of consistency in this adherence aligns with the corporate and classy attitude of the personnel. This perspective establishes direct linkages with the requirements of the report. The practice of a good governance results in the promotion of a good business. Seeking out ways and means to bring innovation maintains the parameter of good within the business activities of the companies and organizations. Countering this, the need for innovation, springs from encountering failure in terms of regulating the business activities. This counter argument bears resemblance with the arguments of the book, entitled, Tolerance for failure and corporate innovation (Tian Wang, 2014). The action of tolerance reflects the approach of the personnel towards rectification of the identified drawbacks. This tolerance makes the fact, Failures are the stepping stones of success tautologically true. Application of effective monitoring techniques fades away the hardness of the stones and adds color to the steps, which paves the way of professionalism for the companies and organizations. Reviewing both these articles, failure can be accounted as one of the organizational outcomes. Exposure of spontaneity in rectification of these drawbacks adds to the status of the personnel. Viewing it from another perspective, tolerance broadens the perspective of the personnel towards bringing innovation in the products and services as well as their individuality. In this respect, innovation can be considered as one of the essential components of corporate attitude (Tricker Tricker, 2015). This motive is a gradual progression towards the attainment of professionalism. Governance is itself a vast and diversified concept, which is applicable for both the employees and the managers. From other perspectives, governance can be considered as an agent in the attainment of self-organisational skills. The earlier consideration projects a correlation with the traditionalism of the workplace, where the managers and the employees takes the help of evaluation for reviewing their exposed performance. Herein, a contradiction can be established with the word new in the book, New corporate governance: Successful board management tools (Hilb, 2012). Assistance of the board of directors in the execution of the evaluative study aids the organisations in analyzing their exposed performance in terms of the competitive market. Taking the literature review further, the exposure of tolerance towards the achievement of failure proves helpful in bringing innovation in the governance. This innovation aligns with the traditionalism of the organizational workplace, which brings the reviewed sources in the same alignment. According to Claessens, Yurtoglu,(2013), the maintenance of this traditionalism is assistance for the organizations in terms of emerging successful in bringing noticeable changes within the regulatory activities. These aspects find resemblance with the revelations of the book, Winning ways through corporate governance (Bain Band, 2016). Application of effective monitoring techniques supports IBIS World and Ebsco Host achieve success in the business activities. Seeking out ways and means for the nourishment of professionalism directly correlates with the word ways in the book. Viewing it from another perspective, taking assistance from the board of directors helps IBIS World and Ebsco Host in refining the governance system. Achievement of success in this refinement directly assists in the attainment of corporate and classy attitude. Judicious exposure of these kinds of attitudes upgrades the status of the personnel as well as organization as a whole. Within this, adherence to an integrated framework enhances the regulatory control for the organizations (Too Weaver, 2014). Compliance to the standards and codes of the framework proves beneficial for IBIS World and Ebsco Host in achieving successful completion of the essential business projects. Application of effective and efficient control measures mitigates the instances of wrong means for completing the projects. This application reflects the true meaning of governance, which qualifies IBIS World and Ebsco Host for reaching up to the benchmark level. Performance management systems are crucial for judging the effectiveness of the exposed performance. Effective utilization of these systems helps the managers to attain sustainable development. However, for the employees these systems play an important role in proceeding towards the attainment of personal development. Typical example can be KPIs, which makes the managers aware about the key factors, which symbolize the exposed performance (Searcy, 2012). Through these systems, the organizations emerge successful in adding an innovative touch within the administrative activities. The action of review and research in the name of the book bears correlation with the ways adopted by IBIS World and Ebsco Host to expose professional attitude in governing the business activities. Crisis necessitates the need for corporate governance in case of IBIS World and Ebsco Host. Lack of proper monitoring techniques lead to chaos, which destroys the sanctity of the workplace environment. Viewing it from another perspective, corporate governance beautifies the personality of the managers and employees. Similarity can be established with the book, Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. The word matters projects the significance of corporate governance in response to the adoption of ineffective means for achieving the identified targets (Larcker Tayan, 2015). Governance includes diversified aspects, which maintains the balance between the functional units of the organizations, IBIS World and Ebsco Host. Regulation and political factors and negligence towards the financial factors act as a deviation from the true meaning of governance. This example bears correlation with the executive warning to conduct a review of the high exchange rates, which hampers the provision of quality goods to the customers (Www.bbc.com, 2017). The following paragraphs assume a theoretical perspective, which provides an insight into the dynamics of governance. Consideration of these perspectives, by the selected organizations, helps in the projection of corporate attitude, which leads to professional and personal development (Brammer, Jackson Matten, 2012) The first organization that is the focus of discussion for corporate governance is the IBIS world of Australia. The industry reports of this company is truly impressive. They operate on numerous fields of society. Their variety of working areas include Administration and Support services, Education and Training, Construction works, Health Care and Social Assistance, Manufacturing, Arts and Recreational, Mining, Financial and Insurance Services, Information Media and Telecommunications and many others. The company has done fairly well in all of these departments. In the education and training sector, the company has a current growth of 3.5% and expected forecast growth is 3%. The growth rate in Telecommunications has been not so well but its forecast growth in the next five years is 1.5%. The success rate of IBIS world has been pivotal because it has achieved about 3.3% growth rate in the last five years and the forecast growth of the company in the next five years. The second organization that we have to discuss is the Ebsco Host in USA. Their main motive is to generate the creativity and supply the best probable resource based solutions. Quality is the thing that they give utmost importance to (EBSCO et al., 2017). They have applied the Corporate Social Responsibility (Carroll,2015). They have made a number of policy modifications and introduced key infrastructure to improve the brand value and secure responsibility of employees (EBSCO et al., 2017). The impact of an effective corporate governance structure has ensured the growth of this company and earning it a quite good reputation. Theories of Corporate Governance There are some relevant theories concerned with corporate governance. Here in this discussion, a brief outline of a few theories is going to be discussed. The relevant theories are as follows (Yusoff Alhaji, 2012). This theory states that corporate governance focuses upon the separation of ownership. This results in the rising of the principal-agent relationship problem. In this case, the board of directors works as a mechanism who bridges the problem and take actions to reduce them. The agency theory throws light on the fact that there are two groups of participators are mostly active in corporations. First are the managers and shareholders and the managers whose interests are full of clarity and consistency. The second group is the common people who are always ready to sacrifice their own interests for the interests of other people (Chen, Lu Sougiannis 2012). The second theory, Stakeholder theory focuses on the various aspects of stakeholders of an organization or a corporate industry. It says that a company or a corporate organization always want to maintain a balance between the different interests stakeholders and also wants to ensure that each of the interests can attain a degree of satisfaction. This theory is regarded as a narrow one. The reason for this is the Stakeholder theory shows the stakeholders or the shareholders as the only corporate element. In this way, the Agency Theory can be regarded as a more vast theory than Stakeholder Theory as it covers most of the aspects related to corporate governance (Mason Simmons, 2014). Resource Dependence Theory The basic statement of this Resource Dependent Theory focuses on the need to link the external factors with the firm. It is the responsibility of the board of directors to make a link between the firm and the resources that are needed to survive. The basic fact is the organizations need resources and this need leads to the mutual exchange of relationships or network governance (Klijn Koppenjan, 2012). The various sorts of this dependence are measured by many factors. These factors include the the importance or relevance of the resource, the relative shortage of the resource and the the limit to which the resource can be absorbed by the board of directors (Drees Heugens, 2013). Conclusion The diverse aspects of corporate governance have been discussed in the above review. The basic theories, its practical implementations, its drawbacks and the successful phenomenons all have been described and analysed with references to the relevant concepts. The conclusion can come to the point that corporate governance is a very well debated issue in the field of professionalism. The idea is very pertinent in managing industries and corporate entities. It is, therefore, should be treated with a professional approach throughout by implementing the positive aspects. References Bain, N., Band, D. (2016).Winning ways through corporate governance. Springer. Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), 3-28. Carroll, A. B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility.Organizational Dynamics,44(2), 87-96 Chen, C. X., Lu, H., Sougiannis, T. (2012). The agency problem, corporate governance, and the asymmetrical behavior of selling, general, and administrative costs.Contemporary Accounting Research,29(1), 252-282. Claessens, S., Yurtoglu, B. B. (2013). Corporate governance in emerging markets: A survey.Emerging markets review,15, 1-33. Drees, J. M., Heugens, P. P. (2013). Synthesizing and extending resource dependence theory: A meta-analysis.Journal of Management,39(6), 1666-1698. EBSCO, A., Stability, F., Responsibility, C., Center, N., Are, W., Services, P. et al. (2017). Corporate Social Responsibility | EBSCO Information Services. Ebsco.com. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.ebsco.com/about/responsibility EBSCO, A., Stability, F., Responsibility, C., Center, N., Are, W., Services, P. et al. (2017). About EBSCO | EBSCO Information Services. Ebsco.com. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.ebsco.com/about/who-we-are Hilb, M. (2012).New corporate governance: Successful board management tools. Springer Science Business Media. Klijn, E. H., Koppenjan, J. (2012). Governance network theory: past, present and future.Policy Politics,40(4), 587-606. Larcker, D., Tayan, B. (2015).Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. Market Research Reports Analysis | IBISWorld AU. (2017). Ibisworld.com.au. Retrieved 20 March 2017, from https://www.ibisworld.com.au/ Mason, C., Simmons, J. (2014). Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), 77-86 Searcy, C. (2012). Corporate sustainability performance measurement systems: A review and research agenda.Journal of business ethics,107(3), 239-253. Shaoul, J., Stafford, A., Stapleton, P. (2012). Accountability and corporate governance of public private partnerships.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,23(3), 213-229.. Tian, X., Wang, T. Y. (2014). Tolerance for failure and corporate innovation.Review of Financial Studies,27(1), 211-255. Too, E. G., Weaver, P. (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), 1382-1394. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Www.bbc.com,. (2017) Executive pay: Companies told to justify rates. Retrieved 20th March 2017 from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38138815 Yusoff, W. F. W., Alhaji, I. A. (2012). Insight of corporate governance theories.Journal of Business and management,1(1), 52-63.