Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy Essay Example For Students

Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy Essay Shakespeares Macbeth is an exemplary form of Aristotles definition of tragedy. Macbeth, on par with Oedipus and Medea, begins the play on a noble pedestal, but, before the eyes of the viewers, loses the battle with his destiny, and degrades from a hero to a butcher by its denouement. This is not all there is to Macbeth, however. Aristotle took the concept of tragedy very seriously, and, in order to be tragic by his standards, something would have to fulfill numerous goals, stay within certain parameters, and satisfy a set of prerequisites. With this in mind, it becomes apparent that the moving, poetic plot of Macbeth did not flow from Shakespeares pen as glibly as it might seem. The first goal that Macbeth meets is its representation of something that is serious. Without this vital component of tragedy, a person who was formerly resolute, but succumbs to hunger one day and splurges on a chocolate cake, having lost a battle with a greater force, could conceivably be considered tragic. We will write a custom essay on Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now That doesnt make much sense, though. In Macbeth, there is never a comic moment, and barely any action is made without serious repercussions–usually resulting in the loss or salvation of someones life. Macbeth is a man who rises to public admiration through his courage and valor in war, who, after being seduced by the witches prophecies, yields to his ambition to be king, and leaves more and more murdered bodies in his wake as his aspirations climb and his morality plummets. In the end, several have died to sate Macbeths whims, and Macbeth must also be slain as a result. In this, Macbeth also meets Aristotles rules that a tragedy must be complete and of a certain magnitude. The tragedy is complete because Macbeths descent into madness is ended at the tip of Macduffs sword and with Macduffs dismissive words, Hail, king! for so thou art: behold, where stands The usurpers cursed head: the time is free. The magnitude of Macbeths situation is twofold: it is of a great scale literally because Macbeth has made himself the king of Scotland, and, therefore, responsible for the lives of all of its citizens (not a responsibility that should be given to someone who can be so easily influenced by his conniving wife or his own emotions), and Macbeths situation is of a great scale figuratively because he becomes increasingly vain, that is, concerned only with himself, and begins to think nothing of ending someones life (even if he or she is wholly innocent) for his own gains. Perhaps the moment at which the viewers sympathy for the tragic hero really begins to wax is when his or her fortune reverses. This is because the heros tragedy does not become fully apparent until his or her downfall is imminent. When Macbeth gets away with killing whoever he wants, hes a jerk who has fallen from grace, but still a jerk. When things start to backfire, though, the audience realizes that Macbeth has brought all this trouble on himself, and, if only he had had a bit more fortitude, or, if only he hadnt placed so much trust and hope in the witches, or, if only he hadnt listened to his wife, etc. tc. On a sympathetic level, the audience pities poor Macbeth, and, on an empathic level, the audience fears that maybe they might succumb to the same weaknesses of character. When a play is successful on reaching audiences on both levels, through sympathy and empathy, it is Aristotelian. Macbeths in-depth portrayal of Macbeths tragedy on the internal (Macbeths mental and emotional turmoil as revealed through his soliloquies and paranoid behavior) and external (the destruction of empires and ending of lives) levels is enough to connect to even the most reluctant viewer. .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .postImageUrl , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:visited , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:active { border:0!important; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:active , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An inspector calls essayAn important supporting detail to the effectiveness of a tragedy and its qualification as Aristotelian is the use of embellished language. To the modern reader, anything written in Shakespearean English seems magnificently embellished, but thats beside the point. The use of dramatic speech can easily change the whole atmosphere of a performance, putting the viewer in a completely different frame of mind. It takes the viewer from his or her everyday life and establishes a more dramatic, romanticized world. If effective enough, the viewer can even apply real emotions to the fantasy world, something that Aristotle called purgation of , and that we, today, call catharsis. If all of the other Aristotelian elements of a tragedy fall properly into place, catharsis should be achieved. The viewers feel for the characters of Macbeth–becoming enraged with the scheming of Lady Macbeth, mourning the death of innocent Duncan, ultimately feeling sorrow for Macbeths plot, etc. I think that Aristotle would have beamed with pride had he ever been given the chance to experience Shakespeares Macbeth, because it fulfills all of his expectations for a proper tragedy. Macbeths characters are not cardboard cut-outs, but seem to have real vitality–real merits and real flaws, the latter being especially present in the case of the plays title character. Macbeth is a tragedy in the ancient Greek sense if ever there was one, and it is certainly no coincidence that it is also one of the most well-known plays in existence.

PR Campaign of GP Races on the Gold Coast in Australia

PR Campaign of GP Races on the Gold Coast in Australia The PR campaign which is going to be analyzed in this essay is the campaign for GP races on the Gold Coast in Australia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PR Campaign of GP Races on the Gold Coast in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The public relations campaign is organized by V8 Supercars and A1GP World Cup of Motorsport. The event is also sponsored by Nikon company. Therefore, the campaign is generally aimed at the public which might be interested in motorsport. Since the event has a rather entertaining character, the contingent interested in it would most possibly consist of young people, who like street racing. This includes teenagers, students and also young men and women of 20-30 years. In addition, the Ferrari sport cars represent the traditional motorsport, which suggests that the men aged 40-50 might also be interested in the event. In order to access the main features of the campaign and its effect iveness, the SWOT method of analysis will be applied. As it is known, this algorithm for analysis includes the campaign’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (Hill, 47). Strengths. The major strength of the particular public relations campaign is its design, which is presented in modern urban style. It is perfectly suitable for this kind of material and public. Numerous illustrations, images, photos and animations make people interested in the event and also give its visual description. Among the other campaign’s strengths is its informative character, which suggests that those who visit the site can find all the information they need about the event. The site is well-organized; the visitors can find information about ticketing, news, sponsors, race program, entertainment etc. In general, the campaign presents the event fully and interestingly. Apparently, in his book, (Hall, 17) was absolutely right claiming the virtual and experimental marketing to be th e most effective messengers. Another strong point is the accent on the minimal ticket price, which is accessible for everyone. In addition, some couples might want to visit the event with their children and the campaign points to the fact that tickets for children are free, which is a successful advertisement for the event.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also worth mentioning that the events presented in the campaign are of different character, which gets people of different age and status interested. Thus, the racers and participants can find the information about the racing time and conditions and the supercar challenges; the donators can read about charity organizations; those who look for entertainment can read about the on-track and off-track activities, etc. All the events are of equal importance on the site and are accessible for all the visitors. W eaknesses. The campaign, however, also has some weaknesses, which may prove an impediment to achieving the main purpose, which is a successful public relation. For example, every information chapter contains nearly ten subchapters. The use of hypertext in such site may be useful; however, it may also be time-consuming for the visitors to slide from one part to another. In addition, such feature can also be confusing as far as the members of public can barely return to the starting point when they get to some piece of information which is contained in a subchapter of a subchapter of one of a dozen of chapters. The other weak point of the event presentation is the fast switching of animations. When a client sees some interesting picture and a â€Å"click here† button, they actually have no time to click, as the pictures switch very quickly. Opportunities. The campaign opportunities are very wide, as far as the event is based on cooperation of the world famous motoracing groups which are very popular and need no additional advertising. The World Cup of Motorsport, for example, is a very respected and important event in the world of motoracing, and its authority is hard to overestimate. Thus, it increases the opportunities of the campaign, suggesting that many people would rely on the reputation of the World Cup of Motorsport. As it was mentioned by (Philip, 2), the PR campaign should be relevant to modern business organizations, and the analyzed campaign meets this requirement. The other opportunities include the further development of the event, as the involvement of different companies and businessmen can predict promotion of such kinds of show and possible investments in their development. The revolution of Internet for the purpose of public relations practicing, described by (Philip, 42) enables this campaign to be available for anyone.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on PR Campaign of GP Races on the Gold Coast in Australia spec ifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Threats. The threats of the particular public relations campaign include the external factors which might prove to be harmful for achieving the objective. Such factors include bad weather which may occur in Australia. In addition, not all the members of the target public have access to the internet resources; moreover, the address of the site is not being advertised much. This fact can decrease the potential quantity of its visitors and cause a failure in the campaign’s full effectiveness. As it was said in (Burke, 8), it is extremely important for the successive company work to consider the strategic evaluation of communications in day-to-day activity and in the long-term vision of the corporation. Another challenge which may be faced by the campaign is building successful public relationships with increasingly diverse publics. This problem was discussed by (Seib, 22). The main messages of the campaign wh ich are to be delivered to public are: the event is very interesting, full of different activities and thus is worth visiting; the event is well-organized and there is still place for volunteers and investors who will to develop it; the conditions for tourists are perfect, the people are very hospitable and thus everyone is welcome to visit the event;Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More the platinum club guarantees great conditions and opportunities and its membership is worth it. The campaign was presented using the publics targeting tactics, which means forming every message in a way which is appealing to every member of the public. This can be proved by such sentence as: â€Å"†¦. Is a powerful opportunity to grow business relationships, get to know new clients and reward stuff†. In addition, there were a lot of phrases used like â€Å"we advise you to obtain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"don’t forget to check the†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and also mottos like â€Å"Jumpstart your heart!†, â€Å"get pumped!†, â€Å"Join the team!† etc. These phrases indisputably influence the public’s consciousness and subjects people to participate and get involved. The campaign uses the Internet as a major media. This makes it accessible for millions of Internet users from all around the world. In addition, the public has an opportunity to stay on line as long as they need and keep reading the information, unlike the TV advertisement and other types of media. In fact, the Internet site is the most informative and comfortable media for a public relations campaign. In my opinion, the analyzed campaign is rather effective. The author (Nelson, 32) claims the public relations to manipulate media and public, which I find true. Being not interested in events of such sort, I found this site and its information appealing. In addition, its design is very attractive. As stated by (Leeper, 13), the modern business puts an emphasis on quality and social responsibility, and these two points were presented in the campaign. However, I think that in case of advertising the racing, cars and everything connected to speed it is worth involving some video. A thirty-second film with bright Ferrari and international flags on TV might be much more effective. The target of such type of campaign is to raise interest in people and make them want to par ticipate, while this site appeared to have a rather informative character. It is worth mentioning, though, that the sentences are built in a way which is appealing to those who read it. It means that besides information the text also expresses a subconscious positive view of the event. Burke, Edmund M. Corporate Community Relations: The Principle of the Neighbor of Choice. Westport, Conn. Quorum Books, 1999. Hall, Phil. The New PR. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Larstan Publishing, 2007 Hill, T., Westbrook, R. SWOT Analysis: It’s Time for a Product Recall. Long Range Planning 30 (1): 46–52, 1997. Leeper, K. Public relations ethics and communitarianism : A preliminary investigation. Elsevier Science Inc., 1996. Nelson, J. Sultans of Sleaze: Public Relations and the Media. Toronto: Between The Lines, 1989. Philip, K. Introduction and overview of public relations. International Thompson Business Press, 1997. Phillips, D. Online Public Relations. London: Kogan Page, 2001. Seib, P. an d Fitzpatrick, K. Public Relations Ethics. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1995. Web.

Energy politics and Security in Kazakhstan Essay

Energy politics and Security in Kazakhstan - Essay Example Energy Sector in Kazakhstan The infrastructure of energy production in Kazakhstan is underdeveloped as a result of being part of former Soviet Union which strived to â€Å"optimize energy supply within member states rather than to achieve self sufficiency in the energy supply of each member state†. Post independence Kazakhstan had to depend heavily on energy exports for economic development. However, this dependence on energy sector caused wide disparities of income between the rich and the poor. As part of solution, Kazakhstan is bringing the oil and gas sector under the ownership of the government (Doi, 2-3). Oil Industry Restrictions from Russia Kazakhstan faces a major problem regarding the full development of its oil export industry. The oil from this country can be exported only on routes through other countries. Currently, the only route that is economic and viable goes through Russia. Russia has however imposed partial restrictions through its Transneft pipeline system . One-third of Kazakhstan’s current oil export capacity cannot move through Russia. The oil industry of Russia has also demanded a share in the profit by 30 percent from all oil exporting countries in the former Soviet Republics. The development program for Tengiz field has been postponed because of such demands and restrictions imposed by Russia. There have been considerations of using pipelines of other countries like Iran and Russia, but they are politically unviable and will take a long time. Also, Turkey will not allow movement of larger number of oil tankers that are necessary for utilization of full export capacity of Kazakhstan. In addition, oil industry requires high amount of capital investment so positive results cannot be achieved in the short run (Office of Technology Assessment, 139). China as export route China lies in the eastern border of Kazakhstan and is a major market for its oil reserves. China has introduced a ‘non-commercial element’ in the field of oil export competition for Kazakhstan. In 2004, China constructed its first oil pipeline to encourage exports from other countries. In August, 2005, China signed a deal for acquiring PetroKazakhstan for the valuation of $4 billion. It is an oil company that is based in Canada and has all its activities within Kazakhstan. Since then China holds the second position of being the largest oil producer in Kazakhstan after the latter’s national oil company. With China as an oil export route, Kazakhstan has faced positive evolution in its oil industry as supply to the world market has increased (Committee on Foreign Relation, 44). Natural gas There has been a steady increase in the production of natural gas which has transformed Kazakhstan from net gas exporter to a net gas importer. Development in the natural gas sector has been lagging behind oil because of insufficient ‘domestic gas pipeline infrastructure’ that links the gas production countries in the West to industrial region in the East. Also, there have been insufficient export pipelines. This has been a major issue as Kazakhstan does not have access to seaports. However, in 2014 when Kazakhstan-China gas pipeline will be completed, gas can be transported to the industrial region of Kazakhstan. This will also enable Kazakhstan to export gas to other countries. China and Russia are the important export partners of